岩(Yan)土(Tu)工(Gong)程(Cheng)勘(Kan)察(Cha)（(?)Geotechnical investigation）(?)工(Gong)作(Zuo)是(Shi)设(She)计(Ji)和(He)施(Shi)工(Gong)的(De)基(Ji)础(Chu)。(?)若(Ruo)勘(Kan)察(Cha)工(Gong)作(Zuo)不(Bu)到(Dao)位(Wei)，(?)不(Bu)良(Liang)工(Gong)程(Cheng)地(Di)质(Zhi)问(Wen)题(Ti)将(Jiang)揭(Jie)露(Lu)出(Chu)来(Lai)，(?)即(Ji)使(Shi)上(Shang)部(Bu)构(Gou)造(Zao)的(De)设(She)计(Ji)、(?)施(Shi)工(Gong)达(Da)到(Dao)了(Liao)优(You)良(Liang)也(Ye)不(Bu)免(Mian)会(Hui)遭(Zao)受(Shou)破(Po)坏(Huai)。(?)不(Bu)同(Tong)类(Lei)型(Xing)、(?)不(Bu)同(Tong)规(Gui)模(Mo)的(De)工(Gong)程(Cheng)活(Huo)动(Dong)都(Du)会(Hui)给(Gei)地(Di)质(Zhi)环(Huan)境(Jing)带(Dai)来(Lai)不(Bu)同(Tong)程(Cheng)度(Du)的(De)影(Ying)响(Xiang)；(?)反(Fan)之(Zhi)不(Bu)同(Tong)的(De)地(Di)质(Zhi)条(Tiao)件(Jian)又(You)会(Hui)给(Gei)工(Gong)程(Cheng)建(Jian)设(She)带(Dai)来(Lai)不(Bu)同(Tong)的(De)效(Xiao)应(Ying)。(?)岩(Yan)土(Tu)工(Gong)程(Cheng)勘(Kan)察(Cha)的(De)目(Mu)的(De)主(Zhu)要(Yao)是(Shi)查(Cha)明(Ming)工(Gong)程(Cheng)地(Di)质(Zhi)条(Tiao)件(Jian)，(?)分(Fen)析(Xi)存(Cun)在(Zai)的(De)地(Di)质(Zhi)问(Wen)题(Ti)，(?)对(Dui)建(Jian)筑(Zhu)地(Di)区(Qu)做(Zuo)出(Chu)工(Gong)程(Cheng)地(Di)质(Zhi)评(Ping)价(Jia)。(?)
岩(Yan)土(Tu)工(Gong)程(Cheng)勘(Kan)察(Cha)的(De)任(Ren)务(Wu)是(Shi)按(An)照(Zhao)不(Bu)同(Tong)勘(Kan)察(Cha)阶(Jie)段(Duan)的(De)要(Yao)求(Qiu)，(?)正(Zheng)确(Que)反(Fan)映(Ying)场(Chang)地(Di)的(De)工(Gong)程(Cheng)地(Di)质(Zhi)条(Tiao)件(Jian)及(Ji)岩(Yan)土(Tu)体(Ti)性(Xing)态(Tai)的(De)影(Ying)响(Xiang)，(?)并(Bing)结(Jie)合(He)工(Gong)程(Cheng)设(She)计(Ji)、(?)施(Shi)工(Gong)条(Tiao)件(Jian)以(Yi)及(Ji)地(Di)基(Ji)处(Chu)理(Li)等(Deng)工(Gong)程(Cheng)的(De)具(Ju)体(Ti)要(Yao)求(Qiu)，(?)进(Jin)行(Xing)技(Ji)术(Shu)论(Lun)证(Zheng)和(He)评(Ping)价(Jia)，(?)提(Ti)交(Jiao)处(Chu)岩(Yan)土(Tu)工(Gong)程(Cheng)问(Wen)题(Ti)及(Ji)解(Jie)决(Jue)问(Wen)题(Ti)的(De)决(Jue)策(Ce)性(Xing)具(Ju)体(Ti)建(Jian)议(Yi)，(?)并(Bing)提(Ti)出(Chu)基(Ji)础(Chu)、(?)边(Bian)坡(Po)等(Deng)工(Gong)程(Cheng)的(De)设(She)计(Ji)准(Zhun)则(Ze)和(He)岩(Yan)土(Tu)工(Gong)程(Cheng)施(Shi)工(Gong)的(De)指(Zhi)导(Dao)性(Xing)意(Yi)见(Jian)，(?)为(Wei)设(She)计(Ji)、(?)施(Shi)工(Gong)提(Ti)供(Gong)依(Yi)据(Ju)，(?)服(Fu)务(Wu)于(Yu)工(Gong)程(Cheng)建(Jian)设(She)的(De)全(Quan)过(Guo)程(Cheng)。(?)
岩(Yan)土(Tu)工(Gong)程(Cheng)勘(Kan)察(Cha)应(Ying)分(Fen)阶(Jie)段(Duan)进(Jin)行(Xing)。(?)岩(Yan)土(Tu)工(Gong)程(Cheng)勘(Kan)察(Cha)可(Ke)分(Fen)为(Wei)可(Ke)行(Xing)性(Xing)研(Yan)究(Jiu)勘(Kan)察(Cha)（(?)选(Xuan)址(Zhi)勘(Kan)察(Cha)）(?)、(?)初(Chu)步(Bu)勘(Kan)察(Cha)和(He)详(Xiang)细(Xi)勘(Kan)察(Cha)三(San)阶(Jie)段(Duan)，(?)其(Qi)中(Zhong)可(Ke)行(Xing)性(Xing)研(Yan)究(Jiu)勘(Kan)察(Cha)应(Ying)符(Fu)合(He)场(Chang)地(Di)方(Fang)案(An)确(Que)定(Ding)的(De)要(Yao)求(Qiu)；(?)初(Chu)步(Bu)勘(Kan)察(Cha)应(Ying)符(Fu)合(He)初(Chu)步(Bu)设(She)计(Ji)或(Huo)扩(Kuo)大(Da)初(Chu)步(Bu)设(She)计(Ji)的(De)要(Yao)求(Qiu)；(?)详(Xiang)细(Xi)勘(Kan)察(Cha)应(Ying)符(Fu)合(He)施(Shi)工(Gong)设(She)计(Ji)的(De)要(Yao)求(Qiu)。(?)
根(Gen)据(Ju)勘(Kan)察(Cha)对(Dui)象(Xiang)的(De)不(Bu)同(Tong)，(?)可(Ke)分(Fen)为(Wei)：(?)水(Shui)利(Li)水(Shui)电(Dian)工(Gong)程(Cheng)（(?)主(Zhu)要(Yao)指(Zhi)水(Shui)电(Dian)站(Zhan)、(?)水(Shui)工(Gong)构(Gou)造(Zao)物(Wu)的(De)勘(Kan)察(Cha)）(?)、(?)铁(Tie)路(Lu)工(Gong)程(Cheng)、(?)公(Gong)路(Lu)工(Gong)程(Cheng)、(?)港(Gang)口(Kou)码(Ma)头(Tou)、(?)大(Da)型(Xing)桥(Qiao)梁(Liang)及(Ji)工(Gong)业(Ye)、(?)民(Min)用(Yong)建(Jian)筑(Zhu)等(Deng)。(?)由(You)于(Yu)水(Shui)利(Li)水(Shui)电(Dian)工(Gong)程(Cheng)、(?)铁(Tie)路(Lu)工(Gong)程(Cheng)、(?)公(Gong)路(Lu)工(Gong)程(Cheng)、(?)港(Gang)口(Kou)码(Ma)头(Tou)等(Deng)工(Gong)程(Cheng)一(Yi)般(Ban)比(Bi)较(Jiao)重(Zhong)大(Da)、(?)投(Tou)资(Zi)造(Zao)价(Jia)及(Ji)重(Zhong)要(Yao)性(Xing)高(Gao)，(?)国(Guo)家(Jia)分(Fen)别(Bie)对(Dui)这(Zhe)些(Xie)类(Lei)别(Bie)的(De)工(Gong)程(Cheng)勘(Kan)察(Cha)进(Jin)行(Xing)了(Liao)专(Zhuan)门(Men)的(De)分(Fen)类(Lei)，(?)编(Bian)制(Zhi)了(Liao)相(Xiang)应(Ying)的(De)勘(Kan)察(Cha)规(Gui)范(Fan)、(?)规(Gui)程(Cheng)和(He)技(Ji)术(Shu)标(Biao)准(Zhun)等(Deng)，(?)通(Tong)常(Chang)这(Zhe)些(Xie)工(Gong)程(Cheng)的(De)勘(Kan)察(Cha)称(Cheng)工(Gong)程(Cheng)地(Di)质(Zhi)勘(Kan)察(Cha)。(?)因(Yin)此(Ci)，(?)通(Tong)常(Chang)所(Suo)说(Shuo)的(De)“(?)岩(Yan)土(Tu)工(Gong)程(Cheng)勘(Kan)察(Cha)”(?)主(Zhu)要(Yao)指(Zhi)工(Gong)业(Ye)、(?)民(Min)用(Yong)建(Jian)筑(Zhu)工(Gong)程(Cheng)的(De)勘(Kan)察(Cha)，(?)勘(Kan)察(Cha)对(Dui)象(Xiang)主(Zhu)体(Ti)主(Zhu)要(Yao)包(Bao)括(Kuo)房(Fang)屋(Wu)楼(Lou)宇(Yu)、(?)工(Gong)业(Ye)厂(Chang)房(Fang)、(?)学(Xue)校(Xiao)楼(Lou)舍(She)、(?)医(Yi)院(Yuan)建(Jian)筑(Zhu)、(?)市(Shi)政(Zheng)工(Gong)程(Cheng)、(?)管(Guan)线(Xian)及(Ji)架(Jia)空(Kong)线(Xian)路(Lu)、(?)岸(An)边(Bian)工(Gong)程(Cheng)、(?)边(Bian)坡(Po)工(Gong)程(Cheng)、(?)基(Ji)坑(Keng)工(Gong)程(Cheng)、(?)地(Di)基(Ji)处(Chu)理(Li)等(Deng)。(?)
岩(Yan)土(Tu)工(Gong)程(Cheng)勘(Kan)察(Cha)的(De)内(Nei)容(Rong)主(Zhu)要(Yao)有(You)：(?)工(Gong)程(Cheng)地(Di)质(Zhi)调(Diao)查(Cha)和(He)测(Ce)绘(Hui)、(?)勘(Kan)探(Tan)及(Ji)采(Cai)取(Qu)土(Tu)试(Shi)样(Yang)、(?)原(Yuan)位(Wei)测(Ce)试(Shi)、(?)室(Shi)内(Nei)试(Shi)验(Yan)、(?)现(Xian)场(Chang)检(Jian)验(Yan)和(He)检(Jian)测(Ce)，(?)终(Zhong)根(Gen)据(Ju)以(Yi)上(Shang)几(Ji)种(Zhong)或(Huo)全(Quan)部(Bu)手(Shou)段(Duan)，(?)对(Dui)场(Chang)地(Di)工(Gong)程(Cheng)地(Di)质(Zhi)条(Tiao)件(Jian)进(Jin)行(Xing)定(Ding)性(Xing)或(Huo)定(Ding)量(Liang)分(Fen)析(Xi)评(Ping)价(Jia)，(?)编(Bian)制(Zhi)满(Man)足(Zu)不(Bu)同(Tong)阶(Jie)段(Duan)所(Suo)需(Xu)的(De)成(Cheng)果(Guo)报(Bao)告(Gao)文(Wen)件(Jian)。(?)
